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The phylogenetic position of the phylum is still under debate, whether it is an early branching bilaterian or a sister group to the Ambulacraria. Phylogenetic traits often appear during development, and larva resembling the cnidarian planula has been reported for Xenoturbella . However, subsequent developmental studies on Xenoturbella have been scarce. This is mainly due to the difficulties in collecting and keeping adult animals, resulting in the lack of data on the reproduction of the animal, such as the breeding season and the spawning pattern. Here we report on the reproduction of X. bocki and confirm that its breeding season is winter. Spawning induction resulted in gametes being released from body ruptures and not the mouth. No evidence supported the animal as a simultaneous hermaphrodite.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2023-02-20\",\"journal\":\"Communications Biology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nakano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hiroaki\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nakano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ako\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Maeno\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Akiteru\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thorndyke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"172\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{nakano_induced_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Induced spawning with gamete release from body ruptures during reproduction of \\\\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\\n\\tvolume = {6},\\n\\tissn = {2399-3642},\\n\\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1038/s42003-023-04549-z},\\n\\tabstract = {Abstract\\n            \\n              Xenoturbella\\n              is a marine invertebrate with a simple body plan, with recent phylogenomic studies suggesting that it forms the phylum Xenacoelomorpha together with the acoelomorphs. The phylogenetic position of the phylum is still under debate, whether it is an early branching bilaterian or a sister group to the Ambulacraria. Phylogenetic traits often appear during development, and larva resembling the cnidarian planula has been reported for\\n              Xenoturbella\\n              . However, subsequent developmental studies on\\n              Xenoturbella\\n              have been scarce. This is mainly due to the difficulties in collecting and keeping adult animals, resulting in the lack of data on the reproduction of the animal, such as the breeding season and the spawning pattern. Here we report on the reproduction of\\n              X. bocki\\n              and confirm that its breeding season is winter. Spawning induction resulted in gametes being released from body ruptures and not the mouth. No evidence supported the animal as a simultaneous hermaphrodite.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2023-02-20},\\n\\tjournal = {Communications Biology},\\n\\tauthor = {Nakano, Hiroaki and Nakano, Ako and Maeno, Akiteru and Thorndyke, Michael C.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tpages = {172},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nakano, H.\",\"Nakano, A.\",\"Maeno, A.\",\"Thorndyke, M. 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C.\n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nakano-nakano-maeno-thorndyke-inducedspawningwithgametereleasefrombodyrupturesduringreproductionofixenoturbellabockii-2023', 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z', event);\">\n    Induced spawning with gamete release from body ruptures during reproduction of <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Communications Biology</i>, 6(1): 172. February 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nakano-nakano-maeno-thorndyke-inducedspawningwithgametereleasefrombodyrupturesduringreproductionofixenoturbellabockii-2023', 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Induced spawning with gamete release from body ruptures during reproduction of &lt;i&gt;Xenoturbella bocki&lt;/i&gt; [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04549-z\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nakano-nakano-maeno-thorndyke-inducedspawningwithgametereleasefrombodyrupturesduringreproductionofixenoturbellabockii-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04549-z', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nakano-nakano-maeno-thorndyke-inducedspawningwithgametereleasefrombodyrupturesduringreproductionofixenoturbellabockii-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nakano-nakano-maeno-thorndyke-inducedspawningwithgametereleasefrombodyrupturesduringreproductionofixenoturbellabockii-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{nakano_induced_2023,\n\ttitle = {Induced spawning with gamete release from body ruptures during reproduction of \\textit{{Xenoturbella} bocki}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tissn = {2399-3642},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04549-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s42003-023-04549-z},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Xenoturbella\n              is a marine invertebrate with a simple body plan, with recent phylogenomic studies suggesting that it forms the phylum Xenacoelomorpha together with the acoelomorphs. The phylogenetic position of the phylum is still under debate, whether it is an early branching bilaterian or a sister group to the Ambulacraria. Phylogenetic traits often appear during development, and larva resembling the cnidarian planula has been reported for\n              Xenoturbella\n              . However, subsequent developmental studies on\n              Xenoturbella\n              have been scarce. This is mainly due to the difficulties in collecting and keeping adult animals, resulting in the lack of data on the reproduction of the animal, such as the breeding season and the spawning pattern. Here we report on the reproduction of\n              X. bocki\n              and confirm that its breeding season is winter. Spawning induction resulted in gametes being released from body ruptures and not the mouth. No evidence supported the animal as a simultaneous hermaphrodite.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-02-20},\n\tjournal = {Communications Biology},\n\tauthor = {Nakano, Hiroaki and Nakano, Ako and Maeno, Akiteru and Thorndyke, Michael C.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {172},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Abstract Xenoturbella is a marine invertebrate with a simple body plan, with recent phylogenomic studies suggesting that it forms the phylum Xenacoelomorpha together with the acoelomorphs. The phylogenetic position of the phylum is still under debate, whether it is an early branching bilaterian or a sister group to the Ambulacraria. Phylogenetic traits often appear during development, and larva resembling the cnidarian planula has been reported for Xenoturbella . However, subsequent developmental studies on Xenoturbella have been scarce. This is mainly due to the difficulties in collecting and keeping adult animals, resulting in the lack of data on the reproduction of the animal, such as the breeding season and the spawning pattern. Here we report on the reproduction of X. bocki and confirm that its breeding season is winter. Spawning induction resulted in gametes being released from body ruptures and not the mouth. No evidence supported the animal as a simultaneous hermaphrodite.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);